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Content Information |
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Title: Zuni Encounters with Anthropologists
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
Frank Cushing at Zuni Pueblo
Zuni Pueblo has been a crossroads in the American Southwest for hundreds of years. The Zuni world included encounters with neighboring and more distant tribes. The Zuni world expanded with the Spanish entradas beginning in the 1500s. It expanded stil...
Show Keywords: 1500s; 1800s; 1900s; Americans; anthropologists; Apaches; artifacts; Bow Priesthood; Cushing, Frank Hamilton; Eleventh; entradas; ethnologists; expeditions; governor; indigenous people; Kearny, Stephen; Navajos; Ninth; pueblos; rituals; rivers; scalp; settlers; Smithsonian Institution; societies; songs; Southwest; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; Spanish; tales; Tenth; traders; traditions; Twelfth; U.S. Bureau of Ethnology; US Army; warriors; Washington, DC; Zuni Pueblo; Zunis |
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Title: Acoma
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
An introduction to the history and culture of the people of Acoma.
Tribal elders say that Acoma (sometimes spelled Akome, Acuo, Acuco, Ako and A’ku-me) means “a place that always was.” Archaeologists have found artifacts at digs on Acoma Mesa that speak of prehistoric times. Like its near neighbors Hopi and Zu...
Show Keywords: 1200s; 1500s; 1560s; 1580s; 1590s; 1600s; 1620s; 1680s; 1690s; 1700s; 1800s; 1900s; Acoma Mesa; Acoma Pueblo; Acomas; Alvarado, Captain Hernando de; Americans; ancestral pueblo; animals; archaeologists; armor; artifacts; Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad; Battle of Acoma; battles; beans; Bigotes; burros; camps; cannons; cantos; captains; Catholicism; Chaco Canyon; chiefs; church; citadels; clans; cliffs; colonialism; Colorado; commerce; conceive; conquistadores; consumerism; converts; corn; cornfields; Coronado, Francisco Vázquez de; cows; crops; dances; daughters; death; defend; digs; disasters; elders; emigration; Enchanted Mesa; Espejo, Antonio de; expeditions; exploitation; farming; Father Sun; fields; fire; Franciscans; fruit; girls; guides; Hawikuh; Hopi; horses; Iatiku; immigration; indigenous people; Jemez Pueblo; journeys; katsinam; Keresan; kivas; malpais; McCarty's; Mesa Verde; mesas; Mexico; migration; miners; missionaries; missions; mutilation; names; Nautsiti; Navajos; neighbors; New Mexico; New Spain; Niza, Marcos de; Oñate, Juan de; oral history; oral tradition; origin stories; paths; peace; Pecos Pueblo; pictograph; plants; poem; poets; potsherds; potters; pottery; prehistory; presents; priests; Pueblo Revolt; pueblos; raids; railroad; rains; Ramírez, Fray Juan; rebellions; reconquest; rhymes; Rio Grande; rituals; rivers; routes; ruins; salt; servants; settlements; sheep; sisters; sky; slave trade; slaves; Snake Dance; snakes; societies; soldiers; sons; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; Spain; Spanish; squash; stories; storytellers; surrender; tales; television; tourist; tourist art; traditions; trails; trees; twins; underground; United States; uranium; valleys; Vargas, Don Diego de; veterans; villages; Villagrá, Gaspar Pérez de; walls; warriors; water; World War II; Zaldívar, Juan de; Zaldívar, Vicente de; Zuni |
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Title: Villagrá’s Cantos
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
A brief introduction to Gaspar Pérez de Villagrá’s cantos describing the battle between the people of Acoma and the Spanish in 1598.
Gaspar Pérez de Villagrá accompanied Juan de Oñate on the Spanish expedition into Nuevo Mexico in 1598. Luckily for history, Villagrá was a poet who recorded the details of the adventures in the rhyming verse of his day. Villagrá modeled his His...
Show Keywords: 1590s; 1610s; Acoma Pueblo; Acomas; Battle of Acoma; battles; cantos; conflicts; destruction; entradas; Europeans; Franciscans; General History of Virginia; Greece; Historia de la Nueva México; history; Homer; indigenous people; New Mexico; Oñate, Juan de; rhymes; Rome; Smith, Captain John; songs; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; Spanish; Villagrá, Gaspar Pérez de; Zaldívar, Juan de |
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Title: The Origins of Pottery
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
When people started to make pottery and how it changed their societies.
Small bands of indigenous peoples roamed the American Southwest between 10,000 BCE and 1000 CE. They moved around following game and gathering whatever plants were in season. They may have carried their belongings and foodstuffs in baskets.
Peopl...
Show Keywords: 10,000 BCE; 1000 BCE; 1000 CE; Acoma Pueblo; aesthetics; ancestral pueblo; ancient times; Arizona; bands; baskets; clay; Cochise; corn; develops; diet; farms; fire; food; fuels; game; gatherings; Hohokam; indigenous people; Mexico; Mogollon; neighbors; New Mexico; origins; Osharas; plants; potters; pottery; pottery-making techniques; Pueblo pottery designs; residents; season; skills; social organization; societies; Southwest; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; techniques; temper; water |
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Title: Acoma Pottery Design Motifs
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
The development of bread bowls and an explanation of common design motifs.
Bread Bowls
When the Spaniards introduced wheat and various fruits and vegetables to the Southwest, the Acomas and Lagunas began to need new sizes and shapes of vessels for food preparation and storage. One of these was the large dough bowl, up to 1...
Show Keywords: 1800s; 1850s; 1910s; 1950s; Acoma Pueblo; Acomas; birds; borders; bread; colchas; deer; deer motifs; design elements; designs; dough bowls; embroidery; flowers; food; fruit; glazes; heartlines; Hopi; hunts; indigenous people; jars; Lagunas; life; life road; lines; parrots; paths; potters; pottery; prehistory; Pueblo pottery designs; rainbow bands; rainbows; rituals; roots; Salvador, Lilly; settlements; Southwest; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; Spanish; spirit breaks; spirituality; storage; stripes; vegetables; vessels; vines; water; wheat; Zia; Zuni |
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Title: Pérez de Villagrá’s Cantos
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
An introduction to Gaspar Pérez de Villagrá's poetic history of Spanish battles with Pueblo people in New Mexico in the 1590s.
Gaspar Pérez de Villagrá accompanied Juan de Oñate on the Spanish expedition into Nuevo Mexico in 1598. Luckily for history, Villagrá was a poet who recorded the details of the adventures in the rhyming verse of his day. Villagrá modeled his His...
Show Keywords: 1590s; 1610s; Acoma Pueblo; Acomas; adventures; battles; cantos; chapters; conflicts; conquistadores; death; destruction; Europeans; expeditions; eyes; Franciscans; friars; General History of Virginia; Greece; Historia de la Nueva México; history; Homer; indigenous people; literature; New Mexico; Oñate, Juan de; poets; pueblos; retaliation; rhymes; Rome; Smith, Captain John; Spanish; verses; Villagrá, Gaspar Pérez de; works; Zaldívar, Juan de |
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Title: As for the Natives
Author(s):
Diego de Vargas (Author)
Diego de Vargas’ comment on the people of Acoma when he returned to New Mexico in 1692.
“...As for the natives of the rock of Acoma, since they are a distance of twenty-four leagues from Isleta, and also those of the province of Zuni, they may be left as they are.”
Show Keywords: 1680s; 1690s; Acoma Pueblo; Acomas; indigenous people; Isleta Pueblo; leagues; natives; province; Pueblo Revolt; reconquest; Vargas, Don Diego de; Zuni |
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Title: Revised Memorial of 1634
Author(s):
Alonso Benavides (Author)
A description of Acoma by a prominent Spanish priest.
To the west of the Rio del Norte, at a distance of thirty leagues, lies the Peñon of Acoma, very famous for the many lives that it has cost both the Spaniards and the Indians. This was not only because it was impregnable but also because of the cour...
Show Keywords: 1620s; 1630s; Acoma Pueblo; apostates; Benavides, Fray Alonso; Catholicism; cliffs; conversion; courage; critics; delinquents; Felipe III; Franciscans; freedom; friends; indigenous people; industries; Keresan; lands; leagues; nations; New Mexico; paths; practices; Pueblo Indians; pueblos; reports; Rio Grande; shelters; Spanish; Spanish Crown; summits; Urban VIII; wars; writes |
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Title: Enchanted Mesa
Source(s): Flaming Arrow’s People by an Acoma Indian Author(s):
James Paytiamo (Author)
James Paytiamo describes the Enchanted Mesa (Mesa Encantada).
Further on, about eight miles, the Enchanted Mesa appears, and only those who have seen it in the morning lightwhen the pink and ivory of its sandstone sides towering above you many hundred feet blush in the rays of the rising suncan realize why ...
Show Keywords: 1800s; 1930s; Acoma Pueblo; Acomas; beans; cliffs; corn; crops; dawn; Enchanted Mesa; Flaming Arrow; indigenous people; mesas; Paytiamo, James; people; prehistory; sandstone; Spanish; squash; valleys |
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Title: Traditional Apache Life
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
An overview of some important events and themes in the lives of Apaches.
The Athapaskan peoples migrated south from Alaska and Canada and eventually split into seven distinct groups. By 1500, they occupied a vast expanse of territory in the American Southwest. The extreme environments they inhabited—mountains, deserts, ...
Show Keywords: 1500s; 1850s; 1880s; 1900s; 1980s; Alaska; Americans; animals; Apache Society; Apachería; Apaches; army; Athapaskans; attention; aunts; authority; babies; bags; bands; bark; baskets; bathe; battles; birth; bison; blankets; Bosque Redondo; bounty; Bourke, Captain; boys; branches; breath; brush; calendars; campaigns; camps; Canada; captives; cattle; ceremonial robes; charcoal; chiefs; children; Chiricahua Apaches; clay; cleanliness; clothing; conflicts; controls; cooks; cord; corn; councils; courage; cousins; cowboys; cradleboards; crops; cross; crowns; cruelty; cultures; cure; cuts; dances; daughters; dawn; death; deserts; disciplines; drinks; ears; east; eats; elders; encounters; enemies; energies; environment; ethics; expeditions; families; farming; farms; fathers; feasts; feet; fire; Florida; food; Fort Marion; friends; galleries; gambling; game; gather; generosity; girls; girls ceremony; government; grasses; guards; guides; hair; heads; health; help; herds; hide; hills; honor; horses; hounds; houses; hunting grounds; hunts; Indians; indigenous people; industries; inhabits; insects; insulation; jails; Jicarilla Apaches; journalism; judges; Kiowa-Apaches; lariats; laws; leathers; life road; livestock; loyalty; luck; machines; marriage; matrilineage; meat; medicine; medicine man; Melody, Michael; men; Mescalero Apaches; Mexico; migration; Mimbres Apaches; moccasins; money; morality; mothers; mounds; mountains; nature; neighbors; nerves; nests; New Mexico; nomads; North America; noses; obey; officers; oral tradition; peace; pesos; physicians; pierce; pits; plains; plants; police; policy; pollen; powers; prairie dogs; prisons; puberty ceremony; Pueblo Indians; punishment; quarrels; rabbits; raids; rancherías; ranchers; rations; rats; relatives; reservations; respect; rites of passage; rituals; robes; run; Santee, Ross; scalp; scarves; scouts; sentinels; sewing; shade; shaman; shields; Shipapu; shock; single; sisters; skills; smoke; social order; societies; songs; sons; Southwest; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; Spanish; spring; steals; sting; stones; storytellers; strangers; streams; summer; supplies; survive; survivors; symbols; sympathy; tanning; teach; teenagers; tepees; territory; thirsts; tracks; traditions; trained; traits; trays; tribes; US Army; ventilation; vitality; walks; war chief; warriors; wars; wasps; weapons; weather; white men; wickiup; wisdom; wood rats; youngsters |