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Title: Turquoise Mining in the Southwest
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
Turquoise mining among the Pueblos, Spanish, and Americans
Archaeologists have also found turquoise mines throughout Mesoamerica. One of the largest mines is in a mountain south of Santa Fe called Cuwimi Kai or Chalchihuitel—“a house inside which turquoise is found.” The Zuni often obtained...
Show Keywords: 1600s; 1800s; 1900s; Americans; archaeologists; captives; Cochiti; death; Eleventh; entradas; history; jewelry; Keres Pueblo; Mesoamerica; mines; money; mountains; Ninth; Pueblo Indians; Pueblo Revolt; Santa Fe; Santo Domingo; slaves; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; Spanish; stones; Tenth; traders; turquoise; turquoise mountain; Twelfth; white men; Zuni Pueblo; Zunis |
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Title: Muster Roll
Source(s): Majestic Journey: Coronado’s Inland Empire Author(s):
Stewart L. Udall (Author)
Before Coronado’s expedition into New Mexico, a muster roll was taken describing each traveler in detail.
We know a lot about events that day at Compostela— exactly 192 years before George Washington was born in 1732—because Don Antonio had issued an order that each soldier would pass before an inspector and declare his possessions. Thus, diligent sc...
Show Keywords: 1500s; 1550s; 1730s; Acoma Pueblo; aldermen; Andalusia; animals; Argentina; armor; army; arquebus; arrows; arsenals; artists; bishops; blacksmiths; brothers; buglers; Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Nuñez; campaigns; camps; canvas; captains; Carlos, King of Spain; carriers; castles; Catholic Monarchs; Catholicism; cattle; cavalry; Cárdenas, Don García López de; Cíbola; chamberlain; chaplains; Christianity; colonialism; Colorado River; commanders; Compostela; conquistadores; Coronado, Francisco Vázquez de; Cortés, Hernán; Costa Rica; councils; cross; crossbows; Culiacán; daughters; Díaz, Melchior; death; discovery; dispatches; England; ensigns; entradas; equipment; Estrada, Beatriz de; expeditions; explorers; families; Felipe II, King of Spain; Florida; food; France; Franciscans; friars; generals; Germany; God; governor; Grand Canyon; helmets; history; hooves; Hopis; horses; Italy; journalists; Juana la Loca; Kansas; march; martyrs; Mary, Queen of England; mayors; Mendoza, Antonio de; metal; Mexican Indians; Mexico; Mexico City; mines; missionaries; mules; muster roll; New Mexico; New Spain; New World; Niza, Marcos de; north; nurses; oaths; Oñate, Juan de; Pacific Ocean; Padilla, Juan de; paint; Panama; Pecos Pueblo; pilgrimages; ponies; pony express; Portugal; priests; prisons; province; Quivira; race; retinues; riders; rituals; saddles; Saint Francis of Assisi; Salamanca; sandals; scarecrows; Scotland; scouts; servants; settlements; Seville; sheep; shoemakers; skins; soldiers; sons; Spanish; spurs; supplies; swords; symbols; Tabasco; Taos; Tepic; Tigüex; Tordesillas; traditions; transportation; travelers; treasurer; Tunis; Turquoise Trail; Udall, Stewart L.; United States; Valladolid; vanguard; veterans; veterinarian; viceroys; Washington, George; weapons; wives; women; wounds; wranglers; Yucatán; Zumárraga, Juan de |
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Title: Expedition into New Mexico Made by Antonio de Espejo 1582-1583 as Revealed in the Journal of Diego Pérez de Luxan, a Member of the Party
Author(s):
Diego Pérez de Luxan (Author); George Hammond (Editor); Agapito Rey (Editor)
A merchant from New Spain journeys north as head of a relief party to find two Franciscan monks. Here he describes what his party found at Zuni.
We set out from this place on the fourteenth of the month and marched a league. We halted at the first pueblo of the province of Zuni which they called Malaque, in which we had a row of houses (for our use), and they gave us to eat of what they had u...
Show Keywords: 1580s; Acoma Pueblo; agave; Aguico; Alona; blankets; Cana; captains; Chamuscado, Francisco Sánchez; Christianity; Cochiti; conquistadores; Coronado, Francisco Vázquez de; cotton; cross; cultivate; death; discovery; Easter; Espejo, Antonio de; explorers; farmers; fields; flax; Franciscans; friars; God; Guadalajara; hares; history; houses; interpreters; leagues; Malaque; march; Mazaque; men; merchants; Mexican Indians; mines; mists; Mohose; mountains; natives; New Mexico; north; Pérez de Luxan, Diego; Piros; province; Puala de los Martires; pueblos; Quaquema; Quaquina; rabbits; Rio Grande; San Felipe Pueblo; snow; Spanish; spring; stones; stoves; surrender; sweat lodges; timber; traders; wars; weaving; whetstone; winter; women; Zia; Zuni Valley; Zunis |
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Title: The Journey of Fray Marcos de Niza
Source(s): The Journey of Fray Marcos de Niza Author(s):
Fray Marcos de Niza (Author); Cleve Hallenbeck (Editor)
What happens when Fray Marcos de Niza sends Estevan the Spanish Moor as advance scout in search of the golden Cities of Cibola in 1539.
On another route I sent Estevan de Dorantes, the black, whom I instructed to follow to the north for fifty or sixty leagues, to see if by that route he would be able to learn of any great thing such as we sought; and I agreed with him that if he rece...
Show Keywords: 1530s; Acus; apartments; arrows; belts; blankets; blood; borders; brothers; buttons; calabash; cascabels; Catholicism; Cíbola; Central America; Christianity; clothing; corn; corn pollen; cows; cross; cure; death; decorate; designs; despoblado; destiny; digs; districts; east; Easter; Esteban; evil; expeditions; explorers; fathers; food; Franciscans; friars; goats; God; gold; grief; ground; guides; gypsies; Hawikuh; hide; history; hospitality; houses; Indians; Jesus Christ; journeys; kills; kingdom; lances; leagues; limestone; lord; mantas; Marata; messengers; Mexico; missionaries; natives; New Spain; news; nights; Niza, Marcos de; north; patrimony; peace; Pintados; portadas; portale; province; rattles; rituals; settlements; Seven Cities of Cíbola; shirts; signals; sins; sons; souls; Spanish; Spanish Crown; stones; streams; streets; sun; tales; tassels; Totonteac; trade; travelers; turquoise; Vacapa; valleys; viceroys; villa; villages; voices; women; workers; wounds; Zuni Pueblo; Zuni Valley; Zunis |
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Title: Zuni Religion and Philosophy
Source(s): Zuni: El Morro Past & Present Author(s):
Edmund J. Ladd (Author); David Grant Noble (Editor)
Description of Zuni philosophy.
All of Zuni life, from birth until death, revolves around rituals, ceremonies, special observations, and the crises of transition from one age or status to another. The Zuni believe that everyone carries within himself his (or her) own personal ̶...
Show Keywords: age; appeases; birth; breath; breath way; death; El Morro; elders; ethics; ethnography; life; life road; loves; paths; philosophies; religion; rituals; spirit messengers; status; supplicates; tribes; Zunis |
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Title: Letter from Coronado to Mendoza
Source(s): The Journey of Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, 1540-1542 Author(s):
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado (Author); George Hammond (Editor); Agapito Rey (Editor)
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado wrote this report to Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza describing his expedition into New Mexico in 1540.
Ferrando Alvarado came back to tell me that some Indians had met him peaceably, & that two of them were with the army-master waiting for me. I went to them forthwith and gave them some paternosters and some little cloaks, telling them to return to th...
Show Keywords: 1540s; adventures; Alvarado, Ferrando; army; arrows; attacks; battles; bows; bushels; cavalry; Cárdenas, Don García López de; cities; commanders; conquers; conquistadores; corn; Coronado, Francisco Vázquez de; courage; crossbows; death; defend; Eleventh; enemies; entradas; expeditions; Felipe II, King of Spain; fire; food; gentlemen; God; guns; helmets; history; horses; houses; Indians; interpreters; Jesus Christ; kills; ladders; letters; marquis; men; Mendoza, Antonio de; musketeers; New Mexico; New Spain; news; nights; Ninth; paternosters; plains; priests; provisions; reports; retreats; riders; signals; soldiers; Spanish; starvation; Tenth; trumpets; Twelfth; Vermizzo, Ferrando; viceroys; walls; wounds; Zuni Valley; Zunis |
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Title: The Vengeance of Gouyen
Source(s): Indeh: An Apache Odyssey Author(s):
Eve Ball (Author); Nora Henn (Author); Lynda A. Sanchez
The widow Gouyen seeks revenge against a Comanche chief for killing her husband.
The Apache girl lay in the brush arbor of her mother-in-law waiting for the older woman to sleep. Her name is one the Apaches are forbidden to mention and she is known today only as Gouyen, Wise Woman, a term reserved only for the intelligent and cha...
Show Keywords: Apaches; Ball, Eve; beads; belts; blankets; blood; boys; breechcloths; bury; camps; cemeteries; chiefs; Child of the Water; cigarette; Cloudland; Comanches; dances; dawn; death; deer; dresses; dried meat; drums; drunk; Eighth; Eleventh; enemies; father-in-law; fear; fights; fire; food; foothills; Fort Stanton; four directions; game; ghosts; Gouyen; grasses; guards; hair; hearts; hills; honor; horizon; horses; hunts; husbands; Indians; jugs; kills; knives; laws; leathers; leaves; maidens; marriage; medicine; medicine man; Mescalero Apaches; Mexico; moccasins; moon; mother-in-law; murder; music; Nantan; nephew; Ninth; oak; obey; ordeal; parents; pipes; pollen; powers; prayers; prediction; presents; puberty ceremony; punishment; pursue; raids; rains; rawhide; relatives; reservations; respect; revenge; rhythm; riders; Rio Pecos; rituals; rope; scalp; seat; Seventh; skins; sleep; smoke; songs; spirits; spruce; stallions; stars; stones; tales; teeth; Tenth; tepees; thickets; throat; tiswin; tobacco; tools; traditions; trails; tribes; tule; Twelfth; Ussen; venison; victory; warriors; water; weapons; white men; White Mountain; widow; wind; wisdom; wives; women |
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Title: Barboncito’s Speech to General Sherman at Fort Sumner
Source(s): Dinétah: An Early History of the Navajo People Author(s):
Barboncito (Author); Lawrence D. Sundberg (Author)
The Navajo leader Barboncito tells General Sherman to release the Navajos from captivity at Fort Sumner.
Bringing us here has made many of us die, also a great number of our animals. Our Grandfathers had no idea of living in any other place except our own land, and I don't think it is right for us to do what we were taught not to do. When the Navajo wer...
Show Keywords: 1860s; 1864; Americans; animals; army; Barboncito; birth; Bosque Redondo; Canyon de Chelly; captives; Carson, Colonel Kit; cattle; chiefs; children; cold; Comanches; conflicts; corn; counsel; countries; crops; death; ditches; east; Eighth; Eleventh; environment; farming; fathers; fire; firewood; First Woman; flocks; food; forts; freedom; goats; God; grandfather; grief; hail; hands; hoes; hope; horses; houses; irrigation; Johnson, President Andrew; lands; lightning; livestock; Manuelito; meat; medicine; men; mesquite; Mexico; moccasins; mothers; mountains; moustache; mouth; Navajos; Ninth; orders; peace; plants; pumpkins; rattlesnakes; Rio Grande; rivers; roots; sacks; San Juan River; Seventh; shame; sheep; Sherman, William Tecumseh, General; sickness; sleep; soldiers; speech; spirits; starvation; stores; surrender; tears; Tenth; tools; traditions; treaty; tribes; truths; Twelfth; US Army; Washington, DC; water; west; winter; women; wood; workers; worms; years |
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Title: Acoma
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
An introduction to the history and culture of the people of Acoma.
Tribal elders say that Acoma (sometimes spelled Akome, Acuo, Acuco, Ako and A’ku-me) means “a place that always was.” Archaeologists have found artifacts at digs on Acoma Mesa that speak of prehistoric times. Like its near neighbors Hopi and Zu...
Show Keywords: 1200s; 1500s; 1560s; 1580s; 1590s; 1600s; 1620s; 1680s; 1690s; 1700s; 1800s; 1900s; Acoma Mesa; Acoma Pueblo; Acomas; Alvarado, Captain Hernando de; Americans; ancestral pueblo; animals; archaeologists; armor; artifacts; Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad; Battle of Acoma; battles; beans; Bigotes; burros; camps; cannons; cantos; captains; Catholicism; Chaco Canyon; chiefs; church; citadels; clans; cliffs; colonialism; Colorado; commerce; conceive; conquistadores; consumerism; converts; corn; cornfields; Coronado, Francisco Vázquez de; cows; crops; dances; daughters; death; defend; digs; disasters; elders; emigration; Enchanted Mesa; Espejo, Antonio de; expeditions; exploitation; farming; Father Sun; fields; fire; Franciscans; fruit; girls; guides; Hawikuh; Hopi; horses; Iatiku; immigration; indigenous people; Jemez Pueblo; journeys; katsinam; Keresan; kivas; malpais; McCarty's; Mesa Verde; mesas; Mexico; migration; miners; missionaries; missions; mutilation; names; Nautsiti; Navajos; neighbors; New Mexico; New Spain; Niza, Marcos de; Oñate, Juan de; oral history; oral tradition; origin stories; paths; peace; Pecos Pueblo; pictograph; plants; poem; poets; potsherds; potters; pottery; prehistory; presents; priests; Pueblo Revolt; pueblos; raids; railroad; rains; Ramírez, Fray Juan; rebellions; reconquest; rhymes; Rio Grande; rituals; rivers; routes; ruins; salt; servants; settlements; sheep; sisters; sky; slave trade; slaves; Snake Dance; snakes; societies; soldiers; sons; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; Spain; Spanish; squash; stories; storytellers; surrender; tales; television; tourist; tourist art; traditions; trails; trees; twins; underground; United States; uranium; valleys; Vargas, Don Diego de; veterans; villages; Villagrá, Gaspar Pérez de; walls; warriors; water; World War II; Zaldívar, Juan de; Zaldívar, Vicente de; Zuni |
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Title: The Bird Man
Source(s): Two Guadalupes: Hispanic Legends and Magic Tales from Northern New Mexico Author(s):
Traditional; Marta Weigle (Editor)
A traditional Spanish tale about a prince who became a bird and then a king.
Once upon a time there lived a king who had three sons. Now the first wife of the king had died and the king had married again. The stepmother of the three boys was very mean.
She treated her stepsons very badly. One day she stood in the door of t...
Show Keywords: Acoma Pueblo; anger; animals; army; balls; bird man; birds; boys; brothers; cages; captives; colonialism; commanders; contentment; Coronado, Francisco Vázquez de; costumes; countries; cruelty; daughters; death; dies; dinner; directions; disguises; eats; elders; exiles; feathers; handsome; hispanics; hunts; kills; kings; knowledge; lights; loves; luck; marry; meat; Middle Ages; nights; Oñate, Juan de; princesses; prisons; reality; recognition; Romance Era; royal families; rulers; rules; servants; shoots; soldiers; sons; Southwest; Spain; Spanish; stepmother; strikes; surprise; tales; travelers; viceroys; warriors; wives; years; youths |