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Content Information |
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Title: Turquoise Mining in the Southwest
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
Turquoise mining among the Pueblos, Spanish, and Americans
Archaeologists have also found turquoise mines throughout Mesoamerica. One of the largest mines is in a mountain south of Santa Fe called Cuwimi Kai or Chalchihuitel—“a house inside which turquoise is found.” The Zuni often obtained...
Show Keywords: 1600s; 1800s; 1900s; Americans; archaeologists; captives; Cochiti; death; Eleventh; entradas; history; jewelry; Keres Pueblo; Mesoamerica; mines; money; mountains; Ninth; Pueblo Indians; Pueblo Revolt; Santa Fe; Santo Domingo; slaves; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; Spanish; stones; Tenth; traders; turquoise; turquoise mountain; Twelfth; white men; Zuni Pueblo; Zunis |
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Title: Lanyade
Source(s): The Navajo and Pueblo Silversmiths Author(s):
John Adair (Author)
The first Zuni silversmith was a man named Lanyade. He tells this story at the age of 95.
When I was a young man about thirty years old [1872], a Navajo came to Zuni who knew how to make silver. This mans Navajo name was Atsidi Chon. I had traveled through the Navajo country a good many times, on my way to the Hopi villages, and I knew ...
Show Keywords: 1800s; 1870s; 1890s; 1900s; 1930s; Adair, John; Albuquerque; Americans; Balawade; beads; bellows; belts; bison; black and white; bows; bracelets; brass; bridges; bridles; buttons; calves; captives; Chon, Atsidi; coins; Comanches; conchos; copper; cross; designs; dollars; earrings; east; friends; Gallup; government; Graham, "Red-Headed"; grain; history; Hopis; horses; houses; Indians; Isleta Pueblo; jewelry; kilts; Laguna Pueblo; languages; Lanyade; leathers; mantas; men; metal; Mexico; migration; moon; Navajos; oak; oral history; pesos; photography; pottery; reservations; roads; Santo Domingo; sash; sells; sheep; silver; silversmiths; skins; Southwest; teach; tin; tools; traders; turquoise; uncle; villages; women; workers; Zunis |
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Title: Early Life
Source(s): Geronimo: His Own Story Author(s):
Geronimo (Author); S. M. Barrett (Oral Historian)
Famed Chiricahua Apache war chief Geronimo speaks of his childhood and how a boy becomes a warrior. As Told to S. M. Barrett.
I was born in No-doyohn Cañon, Arizona, June, 1829. In that country which lies around the headwaters of the Gila River I was reared. This range was our fatherland; among these mountains our wigwams were hidden; the scattered valleys contained our fi...
Show Keywords: 1800s; 1820s; acres; animals; Apaches; Arizona; autumn; babies; baskets; battles; beans; bears; berries; boys; bread; bury; camps; captives; cattle; caverns; caves; cherries; chiefs; children; Chiricahua Apaches; clouds; cooks; corn; cottonwoods; councils; courage; coward; cradles; crops; cultivate; deer; dogs; eats; Eighth; Eleventh; enemies; expeditions; farming; fatherland; fathers; fear; ferment; fields; fodder; Fort Sill; friends; Geronimo; Gila River; girls; Great Spirit; harvest; hoes; home; honor; horses; hunts; intoxicate; knives; languages; legends; mano; medicine man; melons; men; metate; military prison; moon; mothers; mountains; nights; Ninth; No-doyohn Cañon; nuts; oral history; parents; pastures; pines; plains; plants; play; plows; ponies; prayers; protect; pumpkins; revenge; riders; rivers; sacred; scalp; servants; Seventh; sky; smoke; squaws; stars; status; storms; sun; Tenth; tepees; thickets; tobacco; trees; tribes; Twelfth; Usen; valleys; volunteers; votes; warriors; wars; wigwams; wind; winter; wisdom; wolves; women; wounds; youths |
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Title: Warriors: Navajo Code Talkers
Author(s):
Kenji Kawano (Author); Thomas H. Begay (Author); Samuel Tom Holiday (Author)
A Navajo Code Talker remembers fighting with the Marines in the South Pacific during World War II.
Thomas H. Begay, Tsi’ najinii and Ashiihi Clans, was a member of the 5th Marine Division and saw combat on Hawai`i, Enewetak Atoll, Guam, Tinian, Saipan, and Iwo Jima.
We were disciplined....I learned to survive combat. The first hour, I was wit...
Show Keywords: 1940s; Americans; ammunition; Ashiihi Clan; autobiography; battles; beach; Begay, Thomas H.; black and white; blood; boot camp; captives; clothing; code talkers; codes; combat; communication; courage; drafted; Eighth; elders; Eleventh; Enewetak Atoll; enlist; foxhole; frogs; front lines; Great Spirit; ground; Guam; guns; Hawaii; helmets; Holiday, Samuel Tom; home; Iwo Jima; Japan; Kawano, Kenji; Kinlacheeny, Pfc. Paul; Korean War; languages; Marines; Marshall Islands; medal; military; Navajos; Ninth; oral history; Pacific Ocean; parents; photography; portraits; radios; rituals; Saipan; Seventh; shouts; soldiers; survive; Tenth; Tinian; Todich'ii'nii Clan; traditions; trained; Tsi'najinii Clan; Twelfth; uniforms; US Army; warfare; warriors; weapons; World War II; wounds |
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Title: Barboncito’s Speech to General Sherman at Fort Sumner
Source(s): Dinétah: An Early History of the Navajo People Author(s):
Barboncito (Author); Lawrence D. Sundberg (Author)
The Navajo leader Barboncito tells General Sherman to release the Navajos from captivity at Fort Sumner.
Bringing us here has made many of us die, also a great number of our animals. Our Grandfathers had no idea of living in any other place except our own land, and I don't think it is right for us to do what we were taught not to do. When the Navajo wer...
Show Keywords: 1860s; 1864; Americans; animals; army; Barboncito; birth; Bosque Redondo; Canyon de Chelly; captives; Carson, Colonel Kit; cattle; chiefs; children; cold; Comanches; conflicts; corn; counsel; countries; crops; death; ditches; east; Eighth; Eleventh; environment; farming; fathers; fire; firewood; First Woman; flocks; food; forts; freedom; goats; God; grandfather; grief; hail; hands; hoes; hope; horses; houses; irrigation; Johnson, President Andrew; lands; lightning; livestock; Manuelito; meat; medicine; men; mesquite; Mexico; moccasins; mothers; mountains; moustache; mouth; Navajos; Ninth; orders; peace; plants; pumpkins; rattlesnakes; Rio Grande; rivers; roots; sacks; San Juan River; Seventh; shame; sheep; Sherman, William Tecumseh, General; sickness; sleep; soldiers; speech; spirits; starvation; stores; surrender; tears; Tenth; tools; traditions; treaty; tribes; truths; Twelfth; US Army; Washington, DC; water; west; winter; women; wood; workers; worms; years |
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Title: The Bird Man
Source(s): Two Guadalupes: Hispanic Legends and Magic Tales from Northern New Mexico Author(s):
Traditional; Marta Weigle (Editor)
A traditional Spanish tale about a prince who became a bird and then a king.
Once upon a time there lived a king who had three sons. Now the first wife of the king had died and the king had married again. The stepmother of the three boys was very mean.
She treated her stepsons very badly. One day she stood in the door of t...
Show Keywords: Acoma Pueblo; anger; animals; army; balls; bird man; birds; boys; brothers; cages; captives; colonialism; commanders; contentment; Coronado, Francisco Vázquez de; costumes; countries; cruelty; daughters; death; dies; dinner; directions; disguises; eats; elders; exiles; feathers; handsome; hispanics; hunts; kills; kings; knowledge; lights; loves; luck; marry; meat; Middle Ages; nights; Oñate, Juan de; princesses; prisons; reality; recognition; Romance Era; royal families; rulers; rules; servants; shoots; soldiers; sons; Southwest; Spain; Spanish; stepmother; strikes; surprise; tales; travelers; viceroys; warriors; wives; years; youths |
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Title: Traditional Apache Life
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
An overview of some important events and themes in the lives of Apaches.
The Athapaskan peoples migrated south from Alaska and Canada and eventually split into seven distinct groups. By 1500, they occupied a vast expanse of territory in the American Southwest. The extreme environments they inhabited—mountains, deserts, ...
Show Keywords: 1500s; 1850s; 1880s; 1900s; 1980s; Alaska; Americans; animals; Apache Society; Apachería; Apaches; army; Athapaskans; attention; aunts; authority; babies; bags; bands; bark; baskets; bathe; battles; birth; bison; blankets; Bosque Redondo; bounty; Bourke, Captain; boys; branches; breath; brush; calendars; campaigns; camps; Canada; captives; cattle; ceremonial robes; charcoal; chiefs; children; Chiricahua Apaches; clay; cleanliness; clothing; conflicts; controls; cooks; cord; corn; councils; courage; cousins; cowboys; cradleboards; crops; cross; crowns; cruelty; cultures; cure; cuts; dances; daughters; dawn; death; deserts; disciplines; drinks; ears; east; eats; elders; encounters; enemies; energies; environment; ethics; expeditions; families; farming; farms; fathers; feasts; feet; fire; Florida; food; Fort Marion; friends; galleries; gambling; game; gather; generosity; girls; girls ceremony; government; grasses; guards; guides; hair; heads; health; help; herds; hide; hills; honor; horses; hounds; houses; hunting grounds; hunts; Indians; indigenous people; industries; inhabits; insects; insulation; jails; Jicarilla Apaches; journalism; judges; Kiowa-Apaches; lariats; laws; leathers; life road; livestock; loyalty; luck; machines; marriage; matrilineage; meat; medicine; medicine man; Melody, Michael; men; Mescalero Apaches; Mexico; migration; Mimbres Apaches; moccasins; money; morality; mothers; mounds; mountains; nature; neighbors; nerves; nests; New Mexico; nomads; North America; noses; obey; officers; oral tradition; peace; pesos; physicians; pierce; pits; plains; plants; police; policy; pollen; powers; prairie dogs; prisons; puberty ceremony; Pueblo Indians; punishment; quarrels; rabbits; raids; rancherías; ranchers; rations; rats; relatives; reservations; respect; rites of passage; rituals; robes; run; Santee, Ross; scalp; scarves; scouts; sentinels; sewing; shade; shaman; shields; Shipapu; shock; single; sisters; skills; smoke; social order; societies; songs; sons; Southwest; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; Spanish; spring; steals; sting; stones; storytellers; strangers; streams; summer; supplies; survive; survivors; symbols; sympathy; tanning; teach; teenagers; tepees; territory; thirsts; tracks; traditions; trained; traits; trays; tribes; US Army; ventilation; vitality; walks; war chief; warriors; wars; wasps; weapons; weather; white men; wickiup; wisdom; wood rats; youngsters |
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Title: Who Were the Lipan and the Kiowa-Apaches?
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
An introduction to the Lipan and Kiowa-Apache peoples.
Two small Apache tribes, the Lipan and the Kiowa-Apache, lived on the western Great Plains during the early 1600s. Today they have become part of the other Apache tribes. Very few of those living today remember the Lipan and the Kiowa-Apache tribal ...
Show Keywords: 1500s; 1600s; 1700s; 1760s; 1830s; 1840s; 1850s; 1870s; 1910s; alliance; Americans; Apaches; bands; bison; Brazos River; camps; captives; Chihuahua; Christianity; Comanches; converts; death; enemies; France; friends; government; Great Plains; guns; hide; horses; Indian Territory; Jiménez, Father Diego; Kansas; Kiowa-Apaches; Kiowas; languages; Lipán Apaches; Mescalero Apaches; missions; Nebraska; New Mexico; nomads; Nueces Mission; Oklahoma; oral tradition; origin stories; Plains Indians; powers; Pueblo Revolt; raids; religion; reservations; Rio Grande; rituals; shields; slaves; smallpox; social organization; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; Spanish; spirituality; Sun Dance; survivors; tepees; Texas; Texas Rangers; traditions; travois; treaty; tribes; US; US Army; villages; war chief; warfare; warriors; Wichitas |
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Title: The Odyssey Ends
Source(s): Indeh: An Apache Odyssey Author(s):
Eugene Chihuahua (Author); Eve Ball (Author)
Apache Eugene Chihuahua remembers what life was like when the US imprisoned his people at Fort Sill, Oklahoma.
The Comanches, Kiowas, and Kiowa-Apaches hauled us and our handful of possessions to Cache Creek. What blankets and other things we’d put in the baggage cars were destroyed. So we set to work to make brush shelters the old way. Where saplings grew ...
Show Keywords: 1940s; 7th Cavalry; Americans; Apaches; army; baggage cars; bags; Ball, Eve; beans; blankets; boarding schools; brush; Cache Creek; canvas; captives; Carlisle; cavalry; Chato; chiefs; Chihuahua, Eugene; children; Chiricahua Apaches; clothing; Comanches; coyotes; creeks; Custer, George Armstrong; destruction; dog-trot; elders; English; enlist; Florida; food; Fort Bowie; Fort Sill; Four Mile Crossing; Geronimo; headmen; horses; houses; Indians; infantry; interpreters; Kiowa-Apaches; Kiowas; knowledge; Medicine Bluff Creek; Mescalero Apaches; mesquite; miles; military; mountains; oral history; parents; pays; privacy; quail; regiments; reservations; roofs; sage; saplings; Scott, Captain; scouts; seige; shade; shelters; Spanish; status; stories; sun; trees; Turkey Creek; Twelfth Infantry; US Army; villages; wagons; warriors; water; winter; wives; Wratten, George |
10  |
Title: Cattle
Source(s): Indeh: An Apache Odyssey Author(s):
Daklugie (Author); Eve Ball (Author)
Daklugie describes how he became a cattle rancher and dealt with some rustlers.
So I took over. The government had given the prisoners a start in cattle, and in one year some of the men had become fairly good at handling them. All were good horsemen, but they had to learn how to rope and to flank calves. I had not done that eith...
Show Keywords: 1910s; 1940s; Americans; Apaches; Ball, Eve; brands; brothers; butcher; calves; captives; cattle; cavalry; chiefs; Chiricahua Apaches; coffee; Comanches; corn; councils; courage; cowboys; crops; cultivate; Daklugie, Asa (Ace); dresses; droughts; elders; evidence; farmers; farming; fences; fodder; gates; government; guards; hay; herds; hide; horseshoes; houses; Indians; interview; Juh; Kiowa-Apaches; Kiowas; laws; lawyers; marry; Mescalero Apache Reservation; money; Oklahoma; oral history; orders; penitentiaries; prosecute; punishment; race; ranchers; ranges; reservations; resources; responsibility; riders; rituals; roads; rope; Scott, Captain; scouts; sieges; skins; soil; sorghum; steals; stories; sugar; thieves; tracks; travelers; US Army; wells; white men; wires |