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Title: Turquoise in the History of the Southwest
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
Turquoise in the ancient Southwest
Throughout history, peoples around the world have revered turquoise for its beauty. Turquoise comes from the earth but is the color of the sky. Indians of the American Southwest associate the semi-precious stone with early tribal stories and prayer. ...
Show Keywords: 1000s; 1200s; Ant People; archaeologists; beads; beauty; Chaco Canyon; Eleventh; four corners; ground; Hawikuh; history; Indians; jewelry; Mesoamerica; Mexico; miners; Ninth; prayers; Pueblo Bonito; pueblos; Rio Grande; semi-precious stones; sky; Southwest; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; tales; Tenth; trade; turquoise; Twelfth; Zuni Pueblo; Zuni Valley; Zunis |
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Title: Turquoise Mining in the Southwest
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
Turquoise mining among the Pueblos, Spanish, and Americans
Archaeologists have also found turquoise mines throughout Mesoamerica. One of the largest mines is in a mountain south of Santa Fe called Cuwimi Kai or Chalchihuitel—“a house inside which turquoise is found.” The Zuni often obtained...
Show Keywords: 1600s; 1800s; 1900s; Americans; archaeologists; captives; Cochiti; death; Eleventh; entradas; history; jewelry; Keres Pueblo; Mesoamerica; mines; money; mountains; Ninth; Pueblo Indians; Pueblo Revolt; Santa Fe; Santo Domingo; slaves; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; Spanish; stones; Tenth; traders; turquoise; turquoise mountain; Twelfth; white men; Zuni Pueblo; Zunis |
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Title: Awat’ovi Kiva Murals
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
Discussion of the kiva murals found at Awat'ovi Pueblo.
The Hopis lived in the village of Awat’ovi on Antelope Mesa from about 1200 AD until its destruction in 1700. Between 1300 and 1600 AD Hopi artisans painted dozens of large murals in the village kiva, one on top of another.
Between 1935 and 1939...
Show Keywords: 1930s; Antelope Mesa; archaeologists; artisans; artists; Awatovi; cement; clans; clay; designs; Eleventh; feathers; gods; history; Hopis; Keresan; kivas; murals; Ninth; paintings; pottery; pueblos; Rio Grande; rituals; sacred; sand; sandstone; Sikyatki; societies; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; Tenth; Twelfth |
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Title: Acoma
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
An introduction to the history and culture of the people of Acoma.
Tribal elders say that Acoma (sometimes spelled Akome, Acuo, Acuco, Ako and A’ku-me) means “a place that always was.” Archaeologists have found artifacts at digs on Acoma Mesa that speak of prehistoric times. Like its near neighbors Hopi and Zu...
Show Keywords: 1200s; 1500s; 1560s; 1580s; 1590s; 1600s; 1620s; 1680s; 1690s; 1700s; 1800s; 1900s; Acoma Mesa; Acoma Pueblo; Acomas; Alvarado, Captain Hernando de; Americans; ancestral pueblo; animals; archaeologists; armor; artifacts; Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad; Battle of Acoma; battles; beans; Bigotes; burros; camps; cannons; cantos; captains; Catholicism; Chaco Canyon; chiefs; church; citadels; clans; cliffs; colonialism; Colorado; commerce; conceive; conquistadores; consumerism; converts; corn; cornfields; Coronado, Francisco Vázquez de; cows; crops; dances; daughters; death; defend; digs; disasters; elders; emigration; Enchanted Mesa; Espejo, Antonio de; expeditions; exploitation; farming; Father Sun; fields; fire; Franciscans; fruit; girls; guides; Hawikuh; Hopi; horses; Iatiku; immigration; indigenous people; Jemez Pueblo; journeys; katsinam; Keresan; kivas; malpais; McCarty's; Mesa Verde; mesas; Mexico; migration; miners; missionaries; missions; mutilation; names; Nautsiti; Navajos; neighbors; New Mexico; New Spain; Niza, Marcos de; Oñate, Juan de; oral history; oral tradition; origin stories; paths; peace; Pecos Pueblo; pictograph; plants; poem; poets; potsherds; potters; pottery; prehistory; presents; priests; Pueblo Revolt; pueblos; raids; railroad; rains; Ramírez, Fray Juan; rebellions; reconquest; rhymes; Rio Grande; rituals; rivers; routes; ruins; salt; servants; settlements; sheep; sisters; sky; slave trade; slaves; Snake Dance; snakes; societies; soldiers; sons; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; Spain; Spanish; squash; stories; storytellers; surrender; tales; television; tourist; tourist art; traditions; trails; trees; twins; underground; United States; uranium; valleys; Vargas, Don Diego de; veterans; villages; Villagrá, Gaspar Pérez de; walls; warriors; water; World War II; Zaldívar, Juan de; Zaldívar, Vicente de; Zuni |
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Title: Alvarado’s Route
Source(s): Narratives of the Coronado Expedition 1540-1542 Author(s):
Don Hernando Alvarado (Author); George P. Hammond (Editor); Agapito Rey (Editor)
An account of Don Hernando Alvarado’s travels among the Pueblos in 1540.
“We came to an old edifice resembling a fortress; a league farther on we found another one, and a little farther on still another. Beyond these we came to an ancient city, quite large but all in ruins, although a considerable portion of the wall, w...
Show Keywords: 1540s; abandon; Acoma Pueblo; Acus; adventures; Alvarado, Captain Hernando de; ancestral pueblo; ancient times; anthropologists; archaeologists; army; beans; Bigotes; Castilians; Cíbola; commissioner; conquistadores; corn; corn meal; Corn Mountain; Coronado, Francisco Vázquez de; east; edifices; estados; Europeans; explorers; forts; gates; granite; gutters; Hawikuh; Hopi; lava; leagues; lines; malpais; New Spain; Niza, Marcos de; Ojo Caliente; Padilla, Juan de; peace; Pecos; province; repentance; rituals; ruins; sand; settlements; Seven Cities of Cíbola; soldiers; Spanish; stones; Tovar, Pedro de; turkeys; walls; Zia; Zuni; Zuni Pueblo |
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Title: Navajo Weaving: A Study in Cultural Change and Adaptability
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
The development of Navajo weaving for individual use and for trade.
Navajos say Spider Woman taught them to weave with directions from Spider Man. Spider Woman’s woven cross still appears in Navajo weaving today.
The early Navajos were a nomadic hunting and gathering people. Navajo weaving tells a story of their...
Show Keywords: 1500s; 1600s; 1800s; 1820s; 1860s; 1864; 1880s; 1890s; adapt; advertisement; archaeologists; automobiles; beauty; blankets; Bosque Redondo; breechcloths; canyons; captives; Cebolleta; Chihuahua; churro; Comanches; cotton; cross; cultivate; cultures; design elements; designs; droughts; dye; economy; entradas; farms; flocks; Fred Harvey Company; gather; Germantown; Germany; graze; Gregg, Josiah; hunts; kills; livestock; Long Walk; mantas; Mexico; native cloth; Navajos; neighbors; peaches; Pennsylvania; Plains Indians; prisons; protect; Pueblo Indians; pueblos; raids; railroad; rains; rugs; Saltillo; Santa Fe Trail; Saxony; serapes; settlements; sheep; shirts; Southwest; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; Spanish; Spider Man; Spider Woman; St. Louis; starvation; threads; tourist; tourist art; trade; traders; trading posts; trees; US Army; Utes; villages; warfare; weaving; white men; wool |
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Title: Tierra Amarilla
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
A brief history of Tierra Amarilla.
The village of Tierra Amarilla lies in the Chama River Valley. Groups of hunters and gatherers lived in this valley as far back as about 5,000 years ago. Archaeologists know about at least ten significant pueblo sites along the Chama River, between p...
Show Keywords: 1500s; 1600s; 1776; 1790s; 1800s; 1840s; 1850s; 1860s; 1880s; Abiquiu; acequias; America; Americans; archaeologists; attacks; battles; beans; bison; businesses; buys; California; Chama; Chihuahua; conflicts; corn; courts; danger; deeds; descendants; descriptions; documents; Domínguez, Fray Francisco Atanasio; enemies; equipment; Escalante, Fray Velez de; expansion; expeditions; farmers; farming; fields; fights; Franciscans; friars; gather; gold rushes; government; herds; history; home; hunts; individuals; inhabitants; irrigation; kills; land grants; laws; Laws of the Indies; Little Beaver Creek; Martínez, Francisco; merchants; Mexicans; Mexico City; miners; Mormons; Navajos; New Mexico; Old Spanish Trail; pastures; peace; petitions; Plains Indians; plaza; populations; presents; proceedings; pueblos; pumpkins; raids; railroad; rebellions; regions; Rio Grande; Rio Grande Valley; roads; routes; ruins; San Juan Pueblo; San Juan River; Santa Fe; settlements; settlers; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; Spanish; speculators; squash; territory; Texas; Tierra Amarilla; Tierra Amarilla Courthouse Uprising; towns; trade; traders; Utes; villages; water; white men; writes; writing |
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Title: Trading in the Americas
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
A brief overview of trading in the Americas.
For hundreds of years, indigenous people of the American Southwest, whether on the move or in permanent settlements, traded among themselves. Archeologists have found shells from the Pacific Ocean, parrot feathers from Mexico, and turquoise from dist...
Show Keywords: 1500s; 1600s; 1700s; 1830s; 1840s; 1870s; 1880s; abalone; adventures; Americans; ammunition; archaeologists; Arkansas River; arrest; arrows; authority; automobiles; awls; barters; beads; Bents Fort; bison; blankets; books; brass; businesses; Canada; captives; Chaco Canyon; Chihuahua; clothing; coffee; colonialism; Colorado; combs; copper; dances; east; El Camino Real/Chihuahua Trail; empires; encounters; entradas; feathers; flannels; flour; food; forts; France; furs; Green River; gunpowder; highways; immigration; Indian Markets; indigenous people; iron; Kearny, Stephen; knives; Las Vegas; manufactures; McNitt, Frank; merchandise; merchants; Mexico; migration; mines; mirror; Missouri; monopolies; natives; Navajo Reservation; neighbors; New Mexico; New Spain; Old Santa Fe Trail; opportunities; Pacific Ocean; parrots; Pecos; Pecos Pueblo; Pueblo Indians; pueblos; railroad; regions; ribbons; Rio Grande; Rio Grande Valley; roads; ruins; Santa Fe; Santa Fe Trail; settlements; settlers; shells; slave trade; slaves; Southwest; Southwest Crossroads Spotlight; Spanish; stores; sugar; systems; tacks; Taos; territory; tobacco; towns; trade; trade knives; traders; trading posts; traditions; transports; trappers; travelers; tribes; trinkets; trucks; turquoise; US Army; warehouses; weaving; wires; years |
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Title: The Pajarito Plateau and Los Alamos
Author(s):
Southwest Crossroads Spotlight
A description of the Pajarito Plateau and Los Alamos.
Millions of years ago the Jemez Mountains were formed by volcanic flows. Later eruptions of ash tuff, carved by wind and water, formed the Pajarito [Little Bird] Plateau on the east flank of the Jemez Mountains. The Rio Grande, flowing south through ...
Show Keywords: 1100s; 1170s; 1200s; 1250s; 1300s; 1500s; 1550s; 1700s; 1910s; 1940s; ancestors; archaeologists; Arizona; army; army posts; Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad; atoms; attacks; basalt; boarding schools; bombs; Canyon de Los Alamos; canyons; caves; Chaco Canyon; cliff house; cliffs; Cochiti; colonialism; Colorado; communities; corn; crops; deserts; develops; disciplines; droughts; education; entradas; explosion; government; ground zero; Groves, General Leslie; growing seasons; health; Hiroshima; Indians; isolation; Japan; Jemez Mountains; jobs; Keresan; land grants; landscapes; Little Colorado River; Los Alamos; Los Alamos Laboratories; Los Alamos Ranch School; maintenance; Manhattan Project; Mesa Verde; mesas; Nagasaki; Navajos; New Mexico; November; nuclear; Nuclear Age; Oppenheimer, J. Robert; Pajarito Plateau; physicists; plutonium; Pond, Ashley; pueblos; raids; ranchers; Rio Grande; Rio Grande Valley; San Ildefonso Pueblo; Santa Clara; Santa Fe; schools; scientists; secrets; security; settlements; sickness; Spanish; sports; students; surrender; surveyors; technicians; Tewas; tons; Trinity Site; Tsirege; tuff; US Army; Utes; volcanoes; War Powers Act; weapons; white men; World War I; World War II |